Begin by cooking the pasta according to package instructions in a large pot of salted boiling water. Add the broccoli florets to the pot during the last 2-3 minutes of cooking. Drain pasta and broccoli, reserving 1/2 cup of pasta water, and set aside.
In a large skillet over medium heat, drizzle the olive oil and heat it until shimmering.
Add the minced garlic and sauté for about 30 seconds, or until fragrant. Be careful not to burn the garlic.
Stir in the red pepper flakes (if using) and cook for an additional 10 seconds.
Add the cooked pasta and broccoli to the skillet, tossing to combine with the garlic oil.
Pour in the lemon juice and zest, mixing well. If the pasta seems dry, gradually add reserved pasta water until desired consistency is reached.
Season with salt and pepper to taste, tossing everything to allow the flavors to meld together.
Serve immediately, topped with freshly grated Parmesan cheese and a sprinkle of chopped parsley for garnish.
Notes
Serve in warm bowls with an extra drizzle of olive oil and lemon zest for an eye-catching finish.